Phase of disaster cycle: Before and during |
“Resiliency to disasters means a locale can withstand an extreme natural event with a tolerable level of losses. It takes mitigation actions consistent with achieving that level of protection.” Mileti, 1999 |
Phase of disaster cycle: During and after |
“The capacity that people or groups may possess to withstand or recover from emergencies and which can stand as a counterbalance to vulnerability.” Buckle, 1998 |
“The ability to resist downward pressures and to recover from a shock. From the ecology literature: property that allows a system to absorb and use (even benefit from) change. Where resilience is high, it requires a major disturbance to overcome the limits to qualitative change in a system and allow it to be transformed rapidly into another condition. From the sociology literature: ability to exploit opportunities, and resist and recover from negative shocks.” Alwang et al., 2001 |
“The capacity of the damaged ecosystem or community to absorb negative impacts and recover from these.” Cardona, 2003 |
“The ability of an actor to cope with or adapt to hazard stress.” Pelling, 2003 |
“The ability of an organization to absorb the impact of a business interruption, and continue to provide a minimum acceptable level of service.” Disaster Recov. Journal, 2005 |
“The capacity of a system―be it a forest, city or economy―to deal with change and continue to develop; withstanding shocks and disturbances (such as climate change or financial crises) and using such events to catalyze renewal and innovation.” Stockholm Resilience Center: Sustainability Science for Biosphere Stewardship: What is Resilience? 2014 |