Characteristic

Will tend to neutralize

Relationship-oriented,

supportive, people-centred leadership: coordination, support and interaction facilitation

Task-oriented, instrumental, job-centred leadership; initiating structure, goal emphasis, and work facilitation

Of the subordinate

1.

Ability, experience, training, knowledge

X

2.

Need for independence

X

X

3.

“Professional” orientation

X

X

4.

Indifference to organizational reward

X

X

Of the task

5.

Unambiguous and routine

X

6.

Methodologically invariant

X

7.

Provides its own feedback concerning accomplishment

X

8.

Intrinsically satisfying

X

Of the organization

9.

Formalization (explicit plans, goals, and area of responsibility)

X

10.

Inflexibility (rigid, unbending rules and procedures)

X

11.

Highly-specified and active advisory and staff functions

X

12.

Closely-knit, cohesive groups

X

X

13.

Organizational rewards not within the leader’s control

X

X

14.

Spatial distance between superior and subordinates

X

X