Mode of action

Antibiotic class

Antibiotics

Escherichia coli, n = 14 (Vandeikya)

Escherichia coli, n = 20 (Otukpo)

Escherichia coli, n = 28 (Makurdi)

S

I

R

S

I

R

S

I

R

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Penicillins

AMP

0 (0)

4 (28.6)

10 (71.4)

0 (0)

4 (20)

16 (80)

0 (0)

3 (10.7)

25 (89.3)

Cephalosporins

FOX

4 (28.6)

3 (21.4)

7 (50)

7 (35)

4 (20)

9 (45)

10 (35.7)

2 (7.1)

16 (57.1)

CTX

12 (85.7)

0 (0)

2 (14.3)

11 (55)

2 (10)

7 (35)

18 (64.3)

4 (14.3)

6 (21.4)

CRO

9 (64.3)

1 (7.1)

4 (28.6)

5 (25)

3 (15)

12 (60)

10 (35.7)

7 (25)

11 (39.3)

Carbapenem

IMI

10 (71.4)

1 (7.1)

3 (21.4)

10 (50)

4 (20)

6 (30)

17 (60.7)

4 (14.3)

7 (25)

Monobactam

ATM

0 (0)

4 (28.6)

10 (71.4)

0 (0)

4 (20)

16 (80)

0 (0)

6 (21.4)

22 (78.6)

β-lactams inhibitors

AUG

8 (57.1)

2 (14.3)

4 (28.6)

9 (45)

3 (15)

8 (40)

15 (53.6)

4 (14.3)

9 (32.1)

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Aminogylcoside

G

7 (50)

1 (7.1)

6 (42.9)

9 (45)

3 (15)

8 (40)

17 (60.7)

4 (14.3)

7 (25)

S

7 (50)

2 (14.3)

5 (35.7)

12 (60)

1 (5)

7 (35)

21 (75)

0 (0)

7 (25)

Tetracycline

T

7 (50)

1 (7.1)

6 (42.9)

7 (35)

2 (10)

11 (55)

13 (46.4)

1 (3.6)

14 (50)

Phenicol

C

9 (64.3)

0 (0)

5 (35.7)

8 (40)

3 (15)

9 (45)

12 (42.9)

8 (28.6)

8 (28.6)

Folate pathway inhibitors

Sulfonamides

COT

5 (35.7)

2 (14.3)

7 (50)

8 (40)

2 (10)

10 (50)

13 (46.4)

2 (7.1)

13 (46.4)

Nucleic acid inhibitors

Quinolones

NA

0 (0)

2 (14.3)

12 (85.7)

4 (20)

2 (10)

14 (70)

4 (14.3)

4 (14.3)

20 (71.4)

CIP

7 (50)

1 (7.1)

6 (42.9)

5 (25)

2 (10)

13 (65)

13 (46.4)

4 (14.3)

11 (39.3)

OFX

3 (21.4)

2 (14.3)

9 (64.3)

5 (25)

1 (5)

14 (70)

12 (42.9)

1 (3.6)

15 (53.6)

LEV

3 (21.4)

3 (21.4)

8 (57.1)

2 (10)

2 (10)

16 (80)

9 (32.1)

4 (14.3)

15 (53.6)

Nitrofurans

NI

9 (64.3)

2 (14.3)

3 (21.4)

8 (40)

4 (20)

8 (40)

14 (50)

3 (10.7)

11 (39.3)