Characteristics

Vertisol (VS)

Lixisol (LS)

Soil texture

loamy clay

sandy loam

Sand (%)

25.9

68.6

Silt (%)

44.8

21.6

Clay (%)

29.3

9.5

Soil pH

6.1

5.8

Organic carbon (OC) (%)

0.95

0.43

Al₂O₃

9.8

3.5

Fe₂O₃

4.6

1.1

Cation exchange capacity (cmol/kg)

10.5

<1

Clay minerals (%)

chlorite

4

0

Illite

45

21

Interstratified Illite/Chlorite

4

0

kaolinite

31.5

79

smectite + interstratified Illite/smectite

15.5

0

Metal contents (mg/kg): Total (available)

Cadmium (Cd): ns (ns)

2.80 ± 0.08 (2.53 ± 0.11)

2.86 ± 0.12 (2.65 ± 0.01)

Copper (Cu): ** (**)

136.27 ± 5.46 (5.90 ± 1.44)

103.78 ± 3.47 (37.11 ± 0.21)

Manganese (Mn): *** (ns)

619.52 ± 77.44 (10.53 ± 1.16)

154.88 ± 0.30 (14.92 ± 0.15)

Lead (Pb): ns (ns)

17.88 ± 2.51 (2.84 ± 0.05)

12.15 ± 2.24 (2.71 ± 0.01)

Zinc (Zn): ** (ns)

51.58 ± 3.82 (1.62 ± 0.10)

28.14 ± 0.75 (1.50 ± 0.08)

Nickel (Ni):** (ns)

36.71 ± 2.92 (2.23 ± 0.12)

16.29 ± 1.18 (1.80 ± 0.01)

Chromium (Cr): ** (ns)

87.12 ± 10.42 (0.58 ± 0.03)

45.43 ± 3.11 (0.59 ± 0.01)

Mean ± standard deviation