Explained variable: CZPOP

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Backward group

Developed group

Backward group

Developed group

Backward group

Developed group

Backward group

Developed group

BT

0.044

−0.023

0.373*

0.046

0.368*

−0.111

0.315

−0.035

(0.202)

(0.184)

(0.214)

(0.192)

(0.219)

(0.141)

(0.253)

(0.158)

capital

−0.184***

−0.089*

−0.179***

−0.100***

−0.180

−0.089**

(0.076)

(0.056)

(0.079)

(0.039)

(0.106)

(0.041)

labor

−0.091

−0.053

−0.070

−0.028

−0.051

−0.011

(0.090)

(0.114)

(0.098)

(0.080)

(0.105)

(0.086)

edu

0.087

−0.056

0.0701

−0.271***

0.069

−0.273***

(0.121)

(0.124)

(0.127)

(0.104)

(0.133)

(0.110)

infras

−0.053

−0.055

(0.173)

(0.084)

trans

0.025

0.163***

0.029

0.171***

(0.040)

(0.044)

(0.043)

(0.046)

industry

−0.157

0.203

(0.306)

(0.238)

Constant

0.108

0.343

−0.463

0.289

−0.474

0.625

−0.303

0.416

(0.443)

(0.503)

(0.452)

(0.531)

(0.464)

(0.383)

(0.582)

(0.417)

Observations

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

R-squared

0.003

0.001

0.405

0.292

0.426

0.682

0.486

0.735