Explained variable: RGDP

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Backward group

Developed group

Backward group

Developed group

Backward group

Developed group

Backward group

Developed group

BT

−0.147

0.163

−0.383

0.039

−0.736***

−0.080

−0.672**

−0.205

(0.337)

(0.238)

(0.316)

(0.223)

(0.228)

(0.173)

(0.259)

(0.164)

capital

0.327***

0.149**

0.288**

0.151***

(0.084)

(0.049)

(0.109)

(0.043)

labor

0.396**

0.130

0.356***

0.020

0.360***

−0.039

(0.155)

(0.117)

(0.103)

(0.095)

(0.107)

(0.089)

edu

−0.312*

0.004

−0.566***

0.073

−0.563***

0.130

(0.172)

(0.164)

(0.131)

(0.126)

(0.136)

(0.114)

infras

0.104

0.173*

(0.177)

(0.087)

trans

0.068

0.077

0.082*

0.072

0.076

0.077

(0.062)

(0.071)

(0.041)

(0.054)

(0.044)

(0.047)

industry

0.350

−0.636*

0.565**

−0.433

0.441

−0.257

(0.327)

(0.338)

(0.223)

(0.263)

(0.313)

(0.248)

Constant

1.780**

0.948

2.350***

1.195*

2.889***

1.412**

2.700***

1.572***

(0.738)

(0.648)

(0.704)

(0.636)

(0.486)

(0.485)

(0.597)

(0.434)

Observations

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

R-squared

0.013

0.030

−0.383

0.040

0.800

0.759

0.808

0.832