Barriers (frequency, percentage) | Intervention | n (%) |
Knowledge deficit (126, 91.3%) | Individual counselling for basic HIV/ARV education | 117 (92.9) |
Group counselling/peer support group | 9 (6.5) | |
Written instructions | 0 (0.0) | |
Side effects (75, 54.3%) | Nausea-take food, antiemetic | 39 (52.0) |
Diarrhea-rule out infection, medications where applicable, patient hydration | 9 (12.0) | |
Anxiety/depression-counseling/medications | 6 (8.0) | |
Headache-rule out OIs, medication | 15 (20.0) | |
Fatigue-rule out anemia | 6 (8.0) | |
Forgot (126, 91.3%) | Medication organizer | 0 (0.0) |
Visual medication schedule-calendar, journal | 6 (4.8) | |
Reminder devices-alarms, phone reminder | 117 (92.9) | |
Treatment buddy/supporter | 0 (0.0) | |
Directly Observed Therapy | 0 (0.0) | |
Announced pill count at next visit | 3 (0.0) | |
Feeling better (84, 60.9%) | Basic HIV/ARV education | 84 (100) |
Physical illness (15, 10.9%) | Clinical care to address comorbidities | 15 (100) |
Directly Observed Therapy | 0 (0.0) | |
Treatment buddy | 0 (0.0) | |
Alcohol or Drug use (12, 8.7%) | Individual counselling | 12 (8.7) |
Peer support group | 0 (0.0) | |
Referral to appropriate bodies to address specific issues if they check 3 or more on the CAGE score for alcohol and substance abuse | 0 (0.0) | |
Depression and self-stigma (48, 34.8%) | Individual counselling | 39 (81.3) |
Peer support group | 9 (18.8) | |
Medication | 0 (0.0) | |
Treatment buddy | 0 (0.0) | |
Pill burden (12, 8.7%) | Change to fixed dose combination if available | 12 (100) |
Transportation problems (63, 45.7%) | Review by social worker | 63 (100) |
Clinic schedule | 0 (0.0) | |
Incorrect health beliefs (72, 52.2%) | HIV/ARV education | 30 (41.7) |
Individual counselling | 36 (50.0) | |
Peer support group | 6 (8.3) | |
Group counselling | 0 (0.0) | |
Scheduling difficulty (57, 42.3%) | Education (eg combine with daily routine such as bedtime or brushing the teeth | 39 (68.4) |
Reminder devices | 18 (31.6) | |
Treatment buddy | 0 (0.0) | |
Link with nearest health facility | 0 (0.0%) | |
Fear of disclosure (42, 30.4%) | Individual counselling on basic HIV education | 27 (64.3) |
Group counselling | 3 (7.1) | |
Couple counselling | 0 (0.0) | |
Facilitate enrolment into care of family members eg discordant couple, PrEP | 0 (0.0) | |
Peer support groups | 12 (28.6) | |
Treatment buddy | 0 (0.0) | |
Unmarked pill bottle | 0 (0.0) | |
Refer to social worker, nutritional services | 0 (0.0) | |
Stigma and discrimination (66, 47.8%) | Individual counseling | 60 (90.9) |
Group counseling | 0 (0.0) | |
Peer counseling | 6 (9.1) | |
Poor relationship with health care worker (27, 19.6%) | Address HCP issues | 18 (66.7) |
Consider other HCP | 9 (33.3) | |
Frequent visits to facility (78, 56.5%) | Harmonize appointments for multiple services, eg. FP, labs, immunization | 60 (100) |
Long wait times (66, 47.8%) | Nurse led model | 0 (0.0) |
Fast track refill at pharmacy for patients with no complaints | 30 (45.5) | |
Evening/early morning appointments | 0 (0.0) | |
Three-month supply | 0 (0.0) | |
Specific individualized appointment times | 36 (54.5) |