Descartes

(1596-1650)

mind

body

matter

John Locke

(1632-1704)

mind

sensory

[secondary quality]

matter

[primary quality]

Kant

(1724-1804)

brain

cognition

thing-in-itself

statistics

(scientific theory)

trial person

[sample]

trial

[?]

population

[parameter]

QL

(scientific theory)

observer

[measured value]

measuring instrument

[observable]

System

[state]