| Stage | IEEE writers’ abstracts (IWA) | CNKI writers’ abstracts (CWA) | ||||
| Raw freq. | Per 100 words | Percent | Raw freq. | Per 100 words | Percent | |
| 2 | 1872 | 5.08 | 21.63% | 3869 | 4.87 | 23.68% |
| 3 | 3949 | 10.72 | 45.64% | 7366 | 9.28 | 45.07% |
| 4 | 2410 | 6.54 | 27.85% | 4890 | 6.16 | 29.92% |
| 5 | 422 | 1.15 | 4.88% | 217 | 0.27 | 1.33% |
| Total | 8653 | 23.48 | 100.00% | 16342 | 20.59 | 100.00% |