LiDAR crown & understory closure category

Response variable

Significance

High crown

High crown

Low crown

Low crown

High understory

Low understory

High understory

Low understory

(HH)

(HL)

(LH)

(LL)

Decline

% branch dieback

**

31.60 ± 2.27^a

23.86 ± 1.48^b

30.52 ± 3.03^ab

31.17 ± 2.12^a

Crown vigor index

*

2.34 ± 0.09

1.97 ± 0.07

2.27 ± 0.16

2.22 ± 0.10

Basal area (m²/ha)

Live (2.5 - 12.5 cm DBH)

**

4.33 ± 0.64^a

2.27 ± 0.56^b

2.48 ± 0.50^b

2.33 ± 0.64^b

Standing dead (>12.5 cm DBH)

*

6.26 ± 1.30

2.46 ± 0.50

5.13 ± 1.03

4.86 ± 1.15