Ed.

Years

Place

Principal associated event/ politics or sports event

1

1896

Athens

Birth of Modern Olympic Games

2

1900

Paris

Assignment to Paris to maintain contemporaneity with the Universal Exposition

3

1904

Saint Louis

Assignment instead of Chicago for the contemporary Louisiana Purchase Exposition— Anthropological Day (competition for races different from white people)

4

1908

London

Assignment to London contemporary to France/British exposition. The first use of the motto “The important thing is not to win but to participate”—First use of the three medals for the awards—Disqualification of Dorando Pietri

5

1912

Stockholm

Inclusion of artistic competitions (figurative arts, music, architecture, literature) as in antiquity until 1936

ND

1916

Berlin

Not disputed because World War I

7

1920

Antwarp

Defeated countries in WW1 banned—First use of the 5-circle Olympic flag

8

1924

Paris

Boycott of Germany. The first use of the Olympic motto (citius, altius, fortius)

9

1928

Amsterdam

The first time the parade was led by Greece and closed by the host country

10

1932

Los Angeles

Great Depression Games: few participants following the global crisis

11

1936

Berlin

Propaganda games National Socialist German Workers’ Party. Boycott of Spain. Jesse Owens is the protest. Luz Long’s fair play against Jesse Owens in the long run. End of artistic competitions.

ND

1940

Tokyo/Helsinki

Not disputed due to World War II

ND

1944

London

Not disputed due to World War II

14

1948

London

Participation bans for countries defeated in World War II, except Italy

15

1952

Helsinki

First USSR participation—abandonment of Spartakiad (1928-1956)

16

1956

Melbourne

Boycott of the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland (against USSR repression Hungarian uprising 1956) and Cambodia, Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon (Suez crisis)

17

1960

Rome

First and only death from doping (fall in cycling for amphetamine use)

18

1964

Tokyo

First edition in Asia—The last torchbearer was born in Hiroshima a few hours after the explosion of the first atomic bomb.

19

1968

Mexico City

Political massacre before the start of the games—Protest African American athletes against racism —Introduction of Doping Controls

20

1972

Munich

Terrorist event against Israeli representative by Palestinian terrorist organization

21

1976

Montreal

Boycott African countries for apartheid-related issues

22

1980

Moscow

Boycott of USA and other Western countries against Soviet intervention in Afghanistan

23

1984

Los Angeles

Boycott of the USSR and Eastern countries in retaliation for the 1980 boycott

24

1988

Seul

Boycott North Korea—Ban Johnson for doping

25

1992

Barcelona

IOC request for observation of OLYMPIC TREGUE via UN support in case of ongoing conflict— First participation of professional athletes (USA Dream Team)

26

1996

Atlanta

Bomb attack in the Olympic Park

27

2000

Sydney

“the best ever.”

28

2004

Athens

The first time the Marathon award ceremony during the closing ceremony

29

2008

Pechino

Squalifica staffetta Jamaica per doping a 8 anni di distanza, per riscontrata positività di un frazionista

30

2012

Londra

criticism on the coincidence of some races with the beginning of Ramadan—participation of Oscar Pistorius

31

2016

Rio

first participation in boxing of professionals

32

2020

Tokyo

postponed to 2021 due to the Covid-19 Pandemic (first time of a postponement, rather than cancellation)—tenders behind closed doors