Bureaucratic Factors

Loadings

Eigenvalue

% of Variance

explained

Cumulative %

Variance explained

Component 1: Central Government Bureaucracy

3.757

17.077

17.077

Central control of infrastructure procurement delaying construction projects

0.695

Lack of political commitment to decentralised infrastructure delivery

0.577

Lack of transparency in infrastructure project selection

0.724

Corruption in infrastructure procurement

0.577

Component 2: Minimal Control of MMDAs

3.002

13.647

30.725

Imposition of decisions

0.751

Slow implementation of decentralisation reforms

0.792

Regional controls

0.641

Component 3: Political Influence

1.798

8.171

38.896

Political elite influence

0.685

Project location selection

0.575

Regime change

0.750

Manipulation of stakeholders

0.709

Use of inefficient political contractors for infrastructural project delivery

0.709

Line ministries’ resistance to decentralisation

0.493

Component 4: MMDA Project Funding

1.739

7.903

46.799

Slow disbursement of project funding

0.717

Inadequate project financing

0.550

Complicated system of financial transfers to local governments

0.706

Component 5: Lack of capacity of MMDAs

1.654

7.517

54.315

Poor coordination within the MMDAs

0.615

Lack of involvement of MMDAs in project selection

0.686

Inadequate control on tax bases for infrastructure delivery

0.550

Lack of stakeholders’ consultation on infrastructure provision policies

0.683

Component 6: Political Interference

1.269

5.770

60.085

Control of appointments or promotions

0.676

Interference with legal mandate of MMDAs by MDAs

0.835