| Study group | Cement powder (g) | MEPAR (g) | Cement liquid (mL) | DDM (mL) | Powder-to-liquid ratio (g∙mL−1) |
| Control | 10.00 | ---- | 3.9 | ---- | 2.56 |
| 5MEPAR | 8.00 | 0.42 | 3.3 | ---- | 2.55 |
| 15MEPAR | 8.00 | 1.41 | 3.7 | ---- | 2.54 |
| 25MEPAR | 8.00 | 2.67 | 4.2 | ---- | 2.54 |
| 1DDM | 10.00 | ---- | 3.9 | 0.04 | 2.54 |
| 2DDM | 10.00 | ---- | 3.8 | 0.08 | 2.58 |
| 3DDM | 10.00 | ---- | 3.7 | 0.12 | 2.61 |