(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Care time (hours)

Variable

OLS

Processing effect model

Panel fixed effect model

Panel IV fixed effect model

Entrepreneurship

0.022***

0.123***

0.141***

0.121***

(0.008)

(0.016)

(0.015)

(0.018)

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Constant term

3.072***

1.919***

10.795***

14.399***

(0.354)

(0.359)

(0.423)

(0.396)

Sample size

2521

2521

2326

2326