Fixed Effects Model

Dependent Variable: VAT Gap

Independent Variable

Coefficient

p-value

Constant

−0.519

(0.189)

0.006

Corruption Perception Index

−0.000

(0.001)

0.499

GDP per Capita

2.02E−06**

(0.000)

0.026

GINI Index

0.002

(0.002)

0.245

Shadow Economy (% GDP)

2.883*

(0.650)

0.000

Population

−5.56E−09

(0.000)

0.349

Unemployment Rate

0.572*

(0.154)

0.000

R²

0.945

Adjusted R²

0.933

F-statistic

81.991

F-statistic Probability

0.000

Durbin-Watson

1.270