Least Squares Model

Dependent Variable: VAT Gap

Independent Variable

Coefficient

p-value

Constant

0.342

(0.063)

0.000

Corruption Perception Index

−0.003*

(0.001)

0.000

GDP per Capita

−3.47E−07

(0.000)

0.456

GINI Index

0.001

(0.002)

0.286

Shadow Economy (% GDP)

0.005

(0.139)

0.969

Population

2.93E−10

(0.000)

0.225

Unemployment Rate

−0.037

(0.115)

0.745

R²

0.468

Adjusted R²

0.451

F-statistic

27.028

F-statistic Probability

0.000

Durbin-Watson

0.158