Level

1st Difference

Variable

lag included

ADF test statistics

p−value

lag included

ADF test statistics

p−value

y

7

−1.173

0.991

6

−6.726

0.000

d

s4

−1.813

0.692

3

−4.650

0.000

nd

5

−2.413

0.371

4

−3.618

0.007

f

4

−1.815

0.692

3

−7.724

0.000

s

4

−1.565

0.801

3

−4.475

0.000

o

4

−0.225

0.992

3

−4.575

0.000