n

%

mean ± SD

Age

20s

5

5.4

30s

75

80.6

40s

13

14.0

Educational level

junior high school

10

10.8

high school

13

14.0

junior college/technical college

15

16.1

university/graduate school

55

59.1

Occupation

company employee

27

29.0

self-employee

four

4.3

part-time employee

22

23.7

full-time housewife

40

43.0

Working hours (week)

Less than 20 hours

42

45.2

20 - 29 hours

16

17.2

30 - 39 hours

18

19.4

40 hours or more

17

18.3

Years in Japan

Less than 3 years

5

5.4

3 - 4 years

15

16.1

5 - 9 years

28

30.1

More than 10 years

45

48.4

Japanese language proficiency level

Difficult to communicate

6

6.5

Greeting level

16

17.2

Daily conversation level

49

52.7

Fluent

22

23.7

Health status

good

82

88.2

bad

11

11.8

Concerns

yes

12

12.9

no

81

87.1

Time spent raising the youngest child (h)

weekday

11.0 ± 8.1

weekend or holiday

17.4 ± 7.7

Time for housework (h)

4.2 ± 3.4