(Turner & Kaylor, 2015)

Primary, secondary, and tertiary strategies or interventions to build resilience in nurses. The primary intervention emphasizes on recognizing the risk factors and preventing the occurrence of stressors and stressful situation. In this stage, nurses needs to open communication channels with colleagues, build trust relationship, and engage in training courses that help them to adapt effectively in stressful situations. The secondary intervention focuses on identifying the occurred stressful situation and seeking support to prevent the undesired consequences. The tertiary intervention concerns of eliminating the negative response of stressors and maintain stability. Nurses needs to reflect on the situation and share the experience with colleague to eliminate its impact and build a defense wall for future.

(Jackson et al., 2018).

Summarized four main strategies to improve resilience among nurses including protecting: building emotional barriers to prevent the negative impacts of stressors and stressful situations, processing: to relief the impact of stressors and stressful situations, decontaminating: to remove the influence of stressors and stressful situations, and distancing: to be physically away from stressors and stressful situations.

(Chesak et al., 2015).

The Impact of implementing resiliency training program

SMART program was implemented among 55 nurses in the United States, although the sample size was small, there was significant improvement in resilience level and significant decrease in stress level among the participants

(Sood et al., 2011)

SMART program among 40 participants implied that there were significant improvements in resilience and the psychological outcomes among the participants, despite of the small sample size.

Foureur etal., (2013)

Conducted mindfulness based interventional study on 20 Australian female nurses. Although the sample was small and not representative, the result of the study showed a significant improvement on the psychological outcomes among the participants.

(Cleary etal., 2015)

Mindfulness based randomized control study conducted in the United States among 34 ICU nurses, showed a significant improvement in resilience level among the participants.

(Slatyer, 2018)

The result of a mindfulness based resilience study that conducted in 2018 in Australia among 91 nurses. The result of the study showed significant improvement in resilience and the psychological outcomes after the intervention.

(Marais et al., 2016)

Sensory simulation therapy as a resilience intervention among 31 Operation Theater and ICU nurses in South Africa. There was a significant improvement in resilience level after the intervention.

(Boardman, 2016)

Among 40 nurses only in the United States. The resilience level and stress level were enhanced after the intervention (self efficacy and self regulation resiliency program).