Darawad et al. (2013), Jordan | To explore perception of exercise benefits and barriers among Jordanian patients’ with ESRD | Descriptive correlational design | Perceived exercise benefits and barriers | Perception of dialysis patients regarding exercise benefits and barriers―the dialysis patient-perceived exercise benefits and barriers scale (DPEBBS), (Zheng, et al., 2009). | A convenience sample of 190 patients diagnosed with ESRD ages ranged from 18 - 84 and being dialyzed in three major cities in Jordan: Amman, Zarqa and Irbid | Participants significantly perceived more exercise benefits compared with exercise barriers (t = 2.17, df = 187, P = 0.03) |
Darawad et al. (2014), Jordan | To explore perceived exercise self-efficacy, benefits and barriers, and commitment to exercise among Jordanians with chronic illnesses | Descriptive cross-sectional design | Perceived exercise self-efficacy, benefits and barriers, and commitment to exercise planning | Perceived benefits and barriers―the exercise benefits and barriers Scale (EBBS), (Sechrist, Walker, & Pender, 1987), Exercise self-efficacy―the exercise self-efficacy Scale (ESE), (Bandura, 2006), and commitment to exercise planning ―the commitment to a plan for exercise scale, (Bandura, 2006) | A convenience sample of 402 ages ranged from 19 - 93 years with chronic illnesses from four hospitals representing the main healthcare sectors in Jordan: governmental, teaching, and private | Significant correlation between commitment to exercise planning with barriers and benefits among chronic ill patients (r = 0.1, r = 0.10, P = 0.001, respectively). Self-efficacy was not correlated with other variables |
Darawad et al. (2016), Jordan | To examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Bandura’s Exercise Self-Efficacy scale (ESE-A) among Jordanian patients with different chronic diseases. | Descriptive cross-sectional design | Exercise self-efficacy | Exercise profile (frequency, duration, exercise activity, and health perception) ―frequency, duration, and exercise activity-researcher developed, and health perception ―(Mason-Hawkes & Holm, 1993), and Exercise self-efficacy―the Arabic version of exercise self-efficacy scale (ESE-A), (Bandura, 1997) | A convenience sample of 272 patients with chronic illness from outpatient clinics (cardiac, endocrine, and renal) at four hospitals representative for the major health care sectors in Jordan: public, university -affiliated, and private | Significant correlation with weekly exercise frequency (r = 0.23, P < 0.001), duration (r = 0.31, P < 0.001), and evaluation of their physical exercise (r = 0.39, P < 0.001). Also the ESE-A was found to be a fit measure to evaluate exercise self-efficacy among Arabic patients with chronic diseases (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.89 and split-half coefficient was 0.83) |