Hanan, S.A. and Sahar Y.M. (2011), Egypt

To compare perceived self-efficacy, exercise benefits, exercise barriers, and commitment to exercise between patients diagnosed with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, and to assess the influence of perceived exercise self-efficacy,

exercise benefits, and barriers on commitment

Comparative cross-sectional

design

Perceived self-efficacy, exercise benefits, exercise barriers, and commitment to a plan

Perceived self-efficacy―perceived exercise self-efficacy scale, Bandura (1997), Perceived benefits and barriers to exercise―exercise benefits and barriers scale Sechrist, et al. (1987), Commitment to a plan-commitment to a plan for exercise scale, Pender (1996), and adherence to the

exercise―exercise documentation record (developed by the researchers)

75 patients with a clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis and 75 patients with osteoarthritis at the Maternity Hospital, and Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt

Osteoporotic patients had significantly of commitment to plan and exercise self-efficacy, while exercise benefit was higher in the osteoarthritis group (P< 0.001). In addition, significant positive correlations were found between commitment and perceived self-efficacy scores, and between self-efficacy and perceived lack of barriers and exercise benefits in both groups (P< 0.001). Age was a negative predictor for commitment in osteoporosis group, while self-efficacy and lack of barriers were positive predictors. In osteoarthritis group, self-efficacy was the only positive predictor of commitment

Khalil et al. (2012), Jordan

To provide insight into the relationship between dietary and fluid nonadherence, depressive symptoms, quality of life, perceived barriers and benefits of exercise, and perceived social support among patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis

A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design

Dietary and fluid nonadherence, depressive symptoms, quality of life, perceived barriers and benefits of exercise, and perceived social support

Diet and fluid non-adherence―the dialysis diet and fluid nonadherence questionnaire (DDFQ), (Vlaminck, et al., 2001), Depressive symptoms―the beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), (Beck, et al., 1996), Perceived quality of life―the quality of life index (QLI), (Ferrans & Powers, 1985), Perception of dialysis patients regarding exercise benefits and barriers―the dialysis patient-perceived exercise benefits and barriers scale (DPEBBS), (Zheng, et al., 2009), and perceived social support―the multidimensional perceived social support scale (Zimet, et al., 1988)

A convenience sample of 190 patients diagnosed with ESRD and being dialyzed in three major cities in Jordan: Amman, Zarqa and Irbid

ESRD patients showed full commitment to diet guidelines and to fluid guidelines. Depression had significant negative association with quality of life (importance and satisfaction) (r = −0.60, r = −0.32, P = 0.001, respectively). Results also revealed a predictive model of only two variables: age (Β = −0.22, P = 0.05) and residual renal function for dietary non-adherence (B = −0.23, P = 0.012)