McGurk et al. (2007)

Wykes et al. (2011)

Present review^*

Domain

Effect size

Domain

Effect size

Domain

Effect size

Verbal working memory

0.52

Reasoning/ problem solving

0.57

Reasoning/problem solving

0.79

Speed of processing

0.48

Verbal learning and memory

0.41

Verbal learning and memory

0.66

Reasoning/problem solving

0.47

Verbal working memory

0.35

Verbal working memory

0.51

Attention/vigilance

0.41

Speed of processing

0.26

Attention/ vigilance

0.50

Verbal learning and memory

0.39

Attention/vigilance

0.25

Speed of processing

0.30