(1) Adhoc methods | (2) Matrices methods | (3) Network methods | (4) Overlay methods | (5) Cost/benefit analysis |
Ad hoc methods assess potential impacts by listing potential environmental parameters such as flora and fauna. These methods entail specialists identifying impacts in their area, taking into account long-term, short-term, reversible, and irreversible natures. Types of ad hoc methodology include the opinion poll, expert opinion, and Delphi methods. | A simple interaction matrix developed by Leopold et al. in 1971 lists 100 project actions and 88 environmental characteristics and conditions, providing a framework for understanding potential environmental impacts [57] . The Checklist Methods used: Simple, Descriptive, Scaling and Scaling Weighting Checklist | The method used the matrix approach to identify primary and secondary impacts, resulting in the formation of an impact tree. This diagram, also known as a reference or sequence diagram, aids in the identification of cause-and-effect relationships and provides a visual representation of these relationships. | Overlay methods involve the creation of transparent maps to represent environmental characteristics, the collection of data on various variables, and the overlaid creation of a composite map. This map depicts the physical, social, ecological, and land-use characteristics of the area. The validity of the assessment is determined by the parameters chosen and the project alternatives. | Cost-benefit analysis is a systematic method for evaluating a project’s costs and benefits, estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives, and determining the best approach for achieving benefits while preserving savings. It is a standard tool for evaluating the economic analysis of development projects. |