Rock Mass Class

Support Recommendations

Rock bolts

Shotcrete

Steel sets

Class I

Very good rock

No support required except spot rock bolting

Class II

Fair rock

3 m long bolts in crown, spaced 2.5 m with occasional wire mesh

50 mm in crown where required

None

Class III

Poor rock

Systematic bolt 4 m long, spaced 1.5 - 2 m in crown and walls with wire mesh in crown

50 - 100 mm in crown and 30 mm in sides

None

Class IV

Systematic bolt 4 - 5 m long, spaced 1 - 1.5 m in crown and walls with wire mesh

100 - 150 mm in crown and 100 mm in sides

Light to medium ribs spaced 1.5 m where required

Class V

Very poor rock

Systematic bolt 5 - 6 m long, spaced 1 - 1.5 m in crown and walls with wire mesh, bolts invert

150 - 200 mm in crown and 150 mm in sides and 50 mm on the face

Medium to heavy ribs spaced 0.75 m with steel lagging and forepoling if required. Close invert