Socio-demographic (n = 217)

Hb level

<11 gm/dl

≥11 gm/dl

(n = 73, 34%) n (%)

(n = 144, 66%) n (%)

df

χ²

p-value^*

Age

Less than 21

21 to 30

More than 30

Race

Malay

Chinese

Indian

Others (Aboriginal, Iban, Indonesia)

Educational level

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Occupational

Working

Not working

Parity

Primigavida

Multipara

Family income

Less than RM1500

RM1500 - RM3500

More than RM 3500

7 (64)

48 (32)

18 (32)

46 (29.5)

9 (36)

12 (60)

6 (37.5)

6 (43)

51 (43)

16 (19)

37 (27)

36 (45)

57 (32)

16 (43)

20 (56)

42 (31)

11 (24)

4 (36)

102 (68)

38 (68)

110 (70.5)

16 (64)

8 (40)

10 (62.5)

8 (57)

68 (57)

68 (81)

100 (73)

44 (55)

123 (68)

21 (57)

16 (44)

94 (69)

34 (76)

2

3

2

1

1

2

4.67

7.60

13.10

6.54

1.36

9.91

0.10

0.06

0.001^*

0.01^*

0.24

0.007^*