Risk factors | Risk description | Related literature sources |
The market popularity is not high. | The market popularity of BIM in the operation and maintenance stage is not high, and the industry experience is insufficient | ( |
The change of management mode. | From the traditional two-dimensional management mode to the use of BIM model technology for management, the management does not adapt to the new mode. | ( |
Short-term workload increase. | A large amount of manpower and material resources must be invested in the early stage of the project before it can be used for the management of the operation and maintenance stage. | ( |
Insufficient competence of enterprise employees. | Employees have insufficient knowledge and ability structure of BIM and lack of relevant knowledge. | ( |
The domestic BIM operation and maintenance system and management platform are insufficiently mature. | The domestic BIM operation and maintenance stage software platform is immature at this stage and cannot meet the actual requirements | ( |
The operator’s initiative is poor. | Enterprise employees are accustomed to the traditional work mode and avoid new technologies. | ( |
Lack of driving force for enterprise reform. | Lack of investment and determination to adopt new technologies | ( |
Uncertain returns. | Increased short-term costs, long payback periods, high short-term investment costs for BIM technology’s software and hardware, and high personnel training and recruitment costs | ( |
Lack of BIM related standards. | Lack of corresponding guidelines and model delivery standards in China. | ( |
Model data interaction is poor. | Model interaction between different software, different stages, and different users is difficult, and it is easy to cause data loss. | ( |
Model legal responsibility is not clear. | Lack of model rights and responsibilities at the operation and maintenance stage, unclear boundaries of responsibility, lack of disputes, and lack of confidentiality mechanisms. | ( |
Poor social awareness. | There are differences in the recognition and importance of BIM technology by various companies and managers. | ( |
Technical applicability is not high. | BIM originated from abroad, and does not match the development of China’s construction industry, and the degree of applicability is not high. | ( |
BIM is difficult to use in the operation and maintenance stage. | BIM technology is more difficult to use in the operation and maintenance stage, which is quite different from the traditional operation and maintenance management mode. | ( |
Lack of BIM talents. | Lack of talents familiar with BIM software and concepts, and lack of talents mastering BIM operation and maintenance management. | ( |
Insufficient data security. | BIM model information storage security, data interaction security, especially information security of public infrastructure. | ( |
Insufficient ability of managers. | Managers lack BIM knowledge and ability to apply BIM technology | ( |