| Patient characteristics by initial treatment choice | ||||
| Continuous variable (mean ± SD) | Treatment (n = 242) | p-value | ||
| Active surveillance (n = 36) | Radical prostatectomy (n = 139) | Brachytherapy (n = 47) | ||
| Age | 59.36 ± 4.11 | 57.50 ± 4.24 | 59.42 ± 4.41 | p = 0.001* |
| PSA | 5.75 ± 2.08 | 5.28 ± 1.72 | 6.04 ± 1.72 | p = 0.055 |
| Distance from BCC** | 101.98 ± 39.41 | 112.47 ± 46.68 | 113.26 ± 39.41 | p = 0.563 |
| Categorical variable, n (%) | Chi-square | |||
| Hormone therapy | 2 (5.56) | 7 (4.40) | 24 (51.06) | p < 0.0001* |
| Institution | ||||
| St. Alexius | 14 (38.89) | 117 (73.58) | 16 (34.04) | p < 0.0001* |
| Sanford | 22 (61.11) | 42 (26.42) | 31 (65.96) | |
| Residence | ||||
| Bismarck metro | 18 (50.00) | 68 (42.77) | 16 (34.04) | p = 0.33 |
| Not bismarck metro | 18 (50.00) | 91 (57.23) | 31 (65.96) | |
| Distance from BCC | ||||
| 0 - 75 miles | 24 (66.67) | 88 (55.35) | 22 (46.81) | p = 0.43 |
| 76 - 150 miles | 9 (25.00) | 56 (35.22) | 18 (38.30) | |
| >151 miles | 3 (8.33) | 15 (9.43) | 7 (14.89) | |
| Season | ||||
| Winter | 4 (11.11) | 43 (27.04) | 11 (23.40) | p = 0.33 |
| Spring | 16 (44.44) | 49 (30.82) | 12 (25.53) | |
| Summer | 8 (22.22) | 39 (24.53) | 12 (25.53) | |
| Fall | 8 (22.22) | 28 (17.61) | 12 (25.53) | |
| Tobacco use | ||||
| Never | 21 (60.00) | 74 (50.00) | 25 (56.82) | p = 0.32 |
| Former (>1 yr) | 5 (14.29) | 46 (31.08) | 10 (22.73) | |
| Current | 9 (25.71) | 28 (18.92) | 9 (20.45) | |
| Gleason score | ||||
| 5 | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | p = 1.0 |
| 6 | 36 (100) | 157 (99) | 47 (100) | |
| Clinical stage | ||||
| T1a | 1 (3) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | p = 0.18 |
| T1b | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| T1c | 30 (83) | 149 (94) | 42 (89) | |
| T2a | 5 (14) | 7 (4) | 5 (11) | |