Explanatory variables

Dependent variable^(a)

Import volatility

(normalized st. dev. of import 1999-2011)

Export volatility

(normalized st. dev. of export 1999-2011)

Narrow offshoring^(b)

0.0150

(0.0084)^*

0.0148

(0.0083)^*

−0.0107

(0.0066)

0.0354

(0.0077)^***

−0.0083

(0.0058)

0.0123

(0.0132)

0.0164

(0.0127)

−0.0184

(0.0109)^*

0.0472

(0.0116) ^***

−0.0136

(0.0096)

Inputs over production

0.0121

(0.0166)

−0.0215

(0.0129)^*

0.0285

(0.0151)^*

−0.0174

(0.0109)

0.0433

(0.0254)^*

0.0014

(0.0214)

0.0586

(0.0228)^**

−0.0003

(0.0179)

Import value^(b)

6.07e−07

(2.14e−07)^***

3.49e−07

(1.55e−07)^**

1.18e−06

(3.27e−07)^***

7.69e−07

(2.34e−07)^***

Import/GDP^(b)

1.5494

(0.0927)^***

1.3729

(0.0834)^***

2.1045

(0.1539)^***

1.7771

(0.1367)^***

Dummy EU15

−0.0069

(0.0027)^***

−0.0048

(0.0025)^*

−0.0072 (0.0040)^*

−0.0069

(0.0042)^*

Import/GDP*EU15

0.9122

(0.1091)^***

1.4938

(0.1789)^***

Country dummy

yes

yes

yes

no

no

yes

yes

yes

no

no

Sector dummy

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

No. observations

434

432

432

432

432

434

432

432

432

432

R²

0.5594

0.5702

0.7448

0.5001

0.7472

0.4191

0.4487

0.6154

0.3801

0.6285