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| Quartiles of resting heart rate |
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| Whole cohort (n = 832) | I quartile (n = 208) | II quartile (n = 208) | III quartile (n = 208) | IV quartile (n = 208) | p-value for trend |
| Continuous variables |
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| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 67.1 ± 10.6 | 55.1 ± 4.4 | 62.6 ± 1.8 | 69.8 ± 2.2 | 81.0 ± 7.6 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 57.4 ± 12.3 | 62.4 ± 15.2 | 61.6 ± 13.0 | 61.9 ± 15.8 | 62.1 ± 15.5 | 0.96 |
| Schooling (years) | 8.3 ± 3.5 | 8.5 ± 3.9 | 7.9 ± 3.3 | 8.3 ± 3.3 | 7.9 ± 3.2 | 0.18 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)§ | 153.6 ± 19.9 | 151.5 ± 17.8 | 151.3 ± 20.1 | 153.8 ± 20.5 | 157.7 ± 20.5 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)§ | 89.7 ± 9.2 | 87.4 ± 8.2 | 88.9 ± 9.5 | 91.1 ± 9.2 | 91.3 ± 9.3 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 27.3 ± 4.4 | 27.0 ± 4.0 | 27.5 ± 4.7 | 27.6 ± 4.9 | 26.8 ± 3.8 | 0.16 |
| Cigarettes/day in smokers | 12.3 [10.3 - 13.6] | 11.6 [8.6 - 14.5] | 10.5 [7.0 - 14.2] | 13.6 [10.4 - 16.8] | 12.2 [8.4 - 16.0] | 0.58 |
| Ethanol intake (g/day) | 47.2 [44.2 - 50.3] | 47.9 [41.7 - 54.1] | 47.4 [41.9 - 53.0] | 45.6 [39.8 - 51.4] | 47.9 [41.0 - 54.7] | 0.95 |
| Caffeine intake (mmol/day)∆ | 1.00 ± 0.68 | 1.02 ± 0.70 | 1.04 ± 0.66 | 0.90 ± 0.63 | 1.03 ± 0.70 | 0.11 |
| Serum glucose (mmol/l) | 5.41 ± 1.03 | 5.23 ± 0.78 | 5.40 ± 1.07 | 5.44 ± 1.03 | 5.58 ± 1.17 | <0.01 |
| Serum uric acid (µmol/l) | 305.2 ± 78.0 | 304.4 ± 72.8 | 307.6 ± 79.9 | 297.7 ± 81.3 | 311.2 ± 80.7 | 0.33 |
| LDL serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.71 ± 0.93 | 3.67 ± 0.90 | 3.79 ± 0.92 | 3.68 ± 0.93 | 3.72 ± 0.97 | 0.57 |
| Fish intake (g/week) | 100.4 ± 115.3 | 105.3 ± 109.2 | 109.0 ± 122.4 | 98.5 ± 132.0 | 89.0 ± 94.8 | 0.31 |
| Glucose intake (g/week) | 906.7 ± 380.7 | 914.1 ± 393.5 | 897.0 ± 408.0 | 905.4 ± 368.1 | 910.3 ± 354.6 | 0.99 |
| Lipid intake (g/week) | 548.1 ± 256.2 | 575.7 ± 261.3 | 554.8 ± 246.7 | 525.5 ± 252.5 | 536.5 ± 263.0 | 0.26 |
| Categorical variables |
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| Males, n (%) | 427 (51.3) | 125 (60.1) | 116 (56.0) | 98 (47.1) | 88 (42.3) | <0.0001 |
| Treatment of HT, n (%) | 367 (44.2) | 84 (40.4) | 91 (44.0) | 97 (46.6) | 95 (45.7) | 0.59 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 98 (11.2) | 26 (12.5) | 26 (12.5) | 26 (12.5) | 20 (9.6) | 0.73 |
| Drinkers, n (%) | 525 (63.2) | 140 (67.3) | 143 (69.1) | 120 (57.7) | 122 (58.7) | 0.03 |
| Diabetics, n (%) | 50 (6.0) | 6 (2.9) | 11 (5.3) | 15 (7.2) | 18 (8.7) | 0.08 |