Indigenous Land Ownership Before Mining

Gender

Education Level

Total

None

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Land was owned by local people

Female

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

Male

3.0

2.8

2.9

3.3

2.9

Inherited ancestral land

Female

3.0

3.0

2.8

3.0

3.0

Male

3.0

2.8

2.7

3.7

2.8

Local people lived on communal land

Female

3.0

2.9

2.6

3.3

2.9

Male

3.0

2.8

2.5

3.0

2.7

Local people leased land and lived there

Female

3.0

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.8

Male

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.6

Indigenous Land Ownership After Mining

Loss of land to mining

Female

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.6

Male

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.6

Leased land to miners

Female

2.6

2.7

3.0

2.7

2.7

Male

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.3

2.8