Curve type

Species group and biological parameter1

Systems

Region

Reference

Inverted-u

LSH best

Occurrence of grasslands endangered birds

Pastoral arable systems

Different parts of the world (Asia, North America, South America)

[89]

Annual plant richness

(including exotics)

Sheep cattle grazing

Woodlands in eastern Australia

[90]

Abundance of Amazona aestiva (blue fronted Amazon)

Agroforestry homegardens and pasture

Brazil

[7]

Bumble and solitary bees

Organic and conventional cereal farms

England

[9]

Negative concave

LSP best

Butterflies richness

Coffee systems

Mexico

[47]

Richness of birds

Mixed farms (including coffee, rice, maize, beans cassava and so on)

Uganda

[10]

Birds and plant richness

Agroforestry/monoculture crops

[91]

Abundance of Cyanocorax

chrysops (Plush-crested Jay)

Agroforestry homegardens and pasture

Brazil

[7]

Butterfly richness

Organic and conventional cereal farms

England

[9]

Negative convex

LSH best

Butterfly richness

Agroforestry/monoculture crops

[91]

Ant richness

Coffee systems with different intensification levels

Mexico

[47]

Dung beetles richness

Agroforestry/monoculture crops

Indonesia

[91]

Mammals and dung beetles

Banana and cacao agroforestry

[92]

Null

LSH best

Epiphytic understory bryophytes, leaf litter ants and bees richness

Cacao agroforestry and open sun plantations

Indonesia

[93]

Richness of trees, endophytic fungus, spiders, ants, herpetofauna, rats, birds and butterflies

Small landholder cocoa agroforestry and intensive systems

Indonesia

[90]

Plant richness

Organic and conventional farms

England

[9]