Group

N

Mean

Standard deviation

Standard error mean

Post-test

score

t

df

Sig

Mean

difference

Standard error difference

95% confidence interval of the difference lower upper

Traditional group

45

19.4667

7.05047

1.05047

Equal variances assumed

−3.260

88

0.002

−5.75556

1.76541

−9.26393

−2.24718

Flipped group

45

25.2222

25.2222

9.51527

Equal variances not assumed

−3.260

87.273

0. 002

−5.75556

1.76541

−9.26808

−2.24303