Parameters

All (n = 136)

Group 1 (n = 51)

FESC > 70 μS

Group 2 (n = 46)

FESC 50 - 70 μS

Group 3 (n = 39)

FESC < 50 μS

P-value

Age, (years)

60.4 ± 10.1

58.4 ± 11.8

61.4 ± 7.82

62.1 ± 9.68

0.168

Male, n %

52.2

43.1

54.3

61.5

0.209

DM duration, (years)

12.0 (6.0 - 19.0)

10 (2.0 - 17.0)

12.0 (7.0 - 17.5)

15.0 (7.0 - 20.0)

0.197

Smoker, n %

29.4

25.0

24.1

48.1

0.065

Drinker, n %

25.7

15.7

26.1

35.7

0.050

Hypertension, %

CVD, %

Osteoporosis, %

Dyslipidemia, %

69.1

35.3

11.1

66.9

64.7

31.4

7.8

66.7

73.9

32.6

13.3

67.4

69.2

43.6

12.8

66.7

0.619

0.435

0.640

0.996

Diabetic Retinopathy, %

52.9

41.2

52.2

69.2

0.030

OADD, %

OADD + Insulin, %

Antilipidemic, %

Antihypertensive,%

Aspirin, %

Beta-blockers, %

57.4

42.6

66.9

69.1

60.3

25.7

60.8

39.2

66.7

64.7

52.9

25.5

60.9

39.1

67.4

73.9

65.2

28.3

48.7

51.3

66.7

69.2

64.1

23.1

0.435

0.435

0.996

0.619

0.396

0.861

BMI (kg/m²)

WC (cm)

Height (cm)

25.3 (23.2 - 27.8)

95.0± 10.1

166.3 ± 7.38

26.6 (24.2 - 29.6)

98.1 ± 9.30

165.5 ± 7.43

24.6 (22.7 - 27.2)

92.7 ± 9.1

166.7 ± 6.82

25.1 (22.6 - 27.9)

93.8 ± 11.2

166.8 ± 8.03

0.012

0.019

0.646

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

137.7 ± 18.7

79.2 ± 11.6

137.6 ± 19.2

79.9 ± 13.3

137.8 ± 20.0

78.6 ± 9.63

137.6 ± 16.9

79.0 ± 11.5

0.998

0.864

HESC (μS)

64.0 (53.2 - 75.0)

74.0 (63.0 - 79.0)

63.0 (53.7 - 74.0)

49.0 (25.0 - 64.0)

0.001

TyG

4.85 ± 0.3

4.87 ±0.29

4.81 ± 0.32

4.85 ± 0.26

0.594

LAP

45.4 (33.3 - 72.8)

54.9 (37.7 - 86.4)

42.8 (27.5 - 72.5)

42.7 (25.0 - 67.9)

0.091

VAI

98.9 (67.3 - 164.4)

121.4 (69.0 - 170.9)

89.4 (66.5 - 150.9)

97.8 (65.1 - 138.9)

0.251

Chinese VAI

131.9 ± 37.9

139.9 ± 35.3

124.5 ± 33.1

130.5 ± 45.0

0.133

Hemoglobin (g/l)

137.3 ± 14.6

138.6 ± 13.4

136.1 ± 14.5

137.0 ± 16.3

0.695

Red Blood Cells (10¹²/L)

4.56 (4.26 - 4.83)

4.65 (4.31 - 4.86)

4.56 (4.24 - 4.85)

4.43 (4.22 - 4.82)

0.233

ESR (mm/h)

18.0 (9.0 - 30.0)

15.0 (8.0 - 27.0)

20.0 (9.0 - 27.2)

19.0 (11.0 - 33.0)

0.314

FPG (mmol/l)

6.89 (5.73 - 8.61)

7.09 (5.92 - 8.62)

6.75 (5.28 - 7.99)

7.10 (5.91 - 9.60)

0.244

HbA1c (%)

8.77 ± 1.85

8.96 ± 1.90

8.36 ± 1.96

9.01 ± 1.60

0.175

HOMA-IR

3.89 (2.37 - 6.85)

4.09 (2.73 - 7.04)

3.24 (1.96 - 6.76)

3.60 (2.21 - 6.22)

0.498

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

97.2 (91.8 - 106.1)

98.5 (94.7 - 109.9)

96.2 (90.2 - 104.2)

97.2 (91.1 - 103.1)

0.193

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.07 (0.92 - 1.33)

1.08 (0.94 - 1.32)

1.10 (0.94 - 1.35)

1.03 (0.89 - 1.37)

0.651

LDL-C (mmol/l)

2.74 ± 0.87

2.97 ± 0.90

2.63 ± 0.86

2.58 ± 0.81

0.065

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.38 (1.06 - 1.94)

1.44 (1.13 - 2.16)

1.26 (1.03 - 2.13)

1.01 (1.45 - 1.86)

0.754

TC (mmol/l)

4.50 ± 1.09

4.72 ± 1.10

4.46 ± 1.08

4.27 ± 1.07

0.144

Homocysteine (μmol/L)

11.5 (9.5 - 14.3)

10.5 (8.8 - 13.5)

12.2 (10.1 - 14.4)

11.6 (9.3 - 15.3)

0.051

Uric Acid (μmol/L)

296.0 (247.0 - 352.0)

299.0 (246.0 - 337.0)

303.5 (250.2 - 367.5)

289.0 (246.0 - 338.0)

0.721

Total Bilirubin (μmol/L)

10.1 (7.02 - 14.7)

9.30 (7.10 - 13.50)

10.1 (6.45 - 15.3)

10.1 (7.40 - 14.9)

0.964

ALT (IU/L)

17.0 (12.0 - 23.0)

13.0 (17.0 - 30.0)

16.0 (12.0 - 23.0)

17.0 (11.0 - 22.0)

0.587