Reference population

N = 694

OADs alone

One treatment

Metformin

Other

Two treatments

Metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor

Metformin + Sulfonylurea

Other

Three treatments

Metformin + Sulfonylurea + DPP-4 inhibitor

Metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor + SGLT2 inhibitor

Other

Four treatments

Metformin + Sulfonylurea + DPP-4 inhibitor + Thiazolidinediones

Metformin + Sulfonylurea + DPP-4 inhibitor + SGLT2

Other

510 (73.5%)

114 (22.4%)

100 (87.7%)

14 (12.3%)

216 (42.4%)

128 (59.3%)

67 (31.0%)

21 (9.7%)

151 (29.6%)

96 (63.58%)

21 (13.9%)

34 (22.5%)

29 (5.7%)

15 (51.7%)

12 (41.4%)

2 (6.9%)

Injectables alone

One treatment

Premixed insulin

Basal insulin

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Two treatments

Basal insulin + prandial insulin

Basal insulin + premixed insulin

28 (4.0%)

23 (82.1%)

19 (82.6%)

3 (13.0%)

1 (4.4%)

5 (17.9%)

3 (60.0%)

2 (40%)

OADs + injectables

Two treatments

Metformin + premixed insulin

Metformin + basal insulin

Metformin + GLP-1 receptor agonist

Other

Three treatments

Metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor + basal insulin

Metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor + premixed insulin

Metformin + sulfonylurea + basal insulin

Other

Four or more treatments

Metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor + sulfonylurea + basal insulin

Metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor + sulfonylurea + premixed insulin

Other

156 (22.5%)

37 (23.7%)

17 (46.0%)

6 (16.2%)

6 (16.2%)

8 (21.6%)

64 (41.0%)

16 (25.0%)

12 (18.8%)

8 (12.5%)

28 (43.8%)

55 (35.3%)

18 (32.7%)

6 (10.9%)

31 (56.4%)