Experiment treatments | Fertilizer | Pesticide | plowing | yield (t∙ha−1) | ||
1 | Natural farming | Aomori | None | None | None | 5 |
2 | Natural farming | Aomori | None | None | None | 7 |
3 | Natural farming | Nagano | None | None | None | 10 |
4 | Organic farming | Aomori | Chicken dung compost | Pesticides approved by JAS organic certification | Yes | 30 |
5 | Organic farming | Aomori | Chicken dung, rice bran, rapeseed meal, fish cake | Pesticides approved by JAS organic certification | Yes | 45 |
6 | Organic farming | Nagano | Cow dung compost | Pesticides approved by JAS organic certification | Yes | 20 |
7 | Hybrid farming | Aomori | Organic and chemical fertilizers | Reduction of synthetic chemical pesticides | Yes | 30 |
8 | Hybrid farming | Nagano | Organic and chemical fertilizers | Reduction of synthetic chemical pesticides | Yes | 30 |
9 | Hybrid farming | Nagano | Organic and chemical fertilizers | Reduction of synthetic chemical pesticides | Yes | 30 |
10 | Conventional farming | Aomori | Chemical fertilizers | Synthetic chemical pesticides | Yes | 30 |
11 | Conventional farming | Aomori | Chemical fertilizers | Synthetic chemical pesticides | Yes | 40 |
12 | Conventional farming | Nagano | Chemical fertilizers | Synthetic chemical pesticides | Yes | 30 |