Robinia pseudoacacia

Robinia × ambigua

Amorpha fruticosa

A. paniculata

Caragana arborescens

C. laeta

Flowering behavior

Rare second flowering

*Flowers and fruits few times per season

*Flowers end-June

Flowers mid-July

*Mass flowering

Solitary flowers

Inflorescence length, cm

5.2 - 15.5

5 - 12

11 - 18

9 - 14

In clusters

Solitary flowers

Flowers number per inflorescence

8 - 31

20 - 25

~100*

~40

10*

~0

Flower's size (length of standard), mm

15.4 - 19.5

19.3-22*

6.1 - 6.3

5.2

17-19

28*

Average volume of pollen-grain, μm3

7484

7854

3089

3259

3239*

1925

Pollen fertility,%

69 - 98*

38

99*

61

93 - 96

96

Fruits number per infructescence

4.4 - 7.8*

1-2

124 (40 - 224)*

19.6

3.9 (1 - 7)*

0

Bean length, cm

4 - 6 (2.1 - 10.7)

5.6 (3 - 8)

0.6-0.8

0.8

4.4 (2.5 - 6)

3.6 (2.6 - 4.6)

Number of seeds per bean

3.8 (1 - 12)*

2.2 (1 - 6)

1

1

2.4 (1 - 8)*

1.6 (1 - 3)

Vegetative propagation capabilities

High-actively producing coppice shoots & root sprouts and forming clones up to 90 sq. m

Weak-producing root sprouts

High-actively producing root sprouts and forming large clones. Adventitious root system well developed

Weak-producing few root sprouts only

High-actively producing root sprouts, but clones are not massive

None-root sprouts not recorded in the Main Botanical Garden)

Population density

2000 trees per hectare

Solitary trees in planting spots

5 shrub

per sq. m

Solitary shrubs in planting spots

1 shrub

per sq. m

Solitary shrubs in planting spots

Cultigeneous distribution range in the European part of Russia

Mass cultivation in 86% of regions, especially wide in wood lines within South West provinces

Solitaires and parkways in big cities

Mass cultivation in 73% of regions, especially wide in wood lines within South East provinces

Botanical gardens only

Mass cultivation in 83 % of regions, especially wide in wood lines

Botanical gardens only