Term

Definition

Anisotropic

A material that consists of more than one property in various areas and direction

Bi-cortical screws

Screws that penetrate both cortices of bone

Biomechanical

Study of the action of external and internal forces on the living body, especially on the skeletal system

CT

Computer tomography-computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of specific areas of a scanned object

DICOM

Digital imaging and communications in medicine. It is an image format usually containing CT images

Discretization (Meshing)

The process of changing a solid body into smaller finite elements

Elastic Modulus (Young’s Modulus)

Measurement of stiffness of a solid material

FEA

Finite Element Analysis, a computerized method for predicting how a product reacts to real-world forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects

Hooke’s Law

The principle of stress imposed on a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced, within the elastic limit

IGES

Initial Graphics Exchange Specification, file format that allows the digital exchange of information among computer-aided design (CAD) systems

Invesalius

Computer software that allows conversion of DICOM images into STL

In-vitro

Studies performed outside of biological context

Isotropic

A material that is uniform in all areas and direction

Mono-cortical screws

Screws that penetrate a single bone cortex

Netfabb

Computer software that allows editing and repair of surface polygons

Newton (N)

A measurement unit for force

NURBS

Non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) is a mathematical model commonly used in computer graphics for generating and representing curves and surfaces

Pa (Pascal)

Pascal, SI unit to quantify stress which is equivalent to 1N per square meter. 1 Mega Pascal (MPa) = 1000 Pa, and 1 Giga Pascal (GPa) = 1000 MPa

Poisson’s ratio

The ability of a structure to resist deformation in a direction

perpendicular to that of the applied load.

Rhinoceros

Computer software that allows creation and manipulation of NURBS

Simulation in Solidworks

An internal programme of Solidworks that runs FEA

Solidworks

Computer software that allows creation, editing and manipulation of 3D solid models

STL

Stereolithography, a file format used to represent surfaces with a series of triangles

Strain

The measurement of the deformation of a material

Stress

The force per unit area applied to an object

Von Mises Stress

The equivalent tensile stress used to predict the yielding of materials, when they are placed under loads from different directions