a = 0.1 b = 0.2 c = 0.1

x 12 = 0.2 ± 0.76 4 x 21 = 0.2 ± 0.76 4

−0.05

−0.05

0.168

−1.07

Spiral

Spiral

Saddle

Spiral

Asymptotically stable

Asymptotically stable

Unstable

Stable

a = 0.6 b = 0.3 c = 0.5

x 12 = 0.2 ± 4.71 4 x 21 = 0.2 ± 4.71 4

−0.0075

−0.0075

0.468

−0.618

Spiral

Spiral

Saddle

Spiral

Asymptotically stable

Asymptotically stable

Unstable

Stable

a = 0.01 b = 0.02 c = 0.03

x 12 = 0.2 ± 0.0796 4 x 21 = 0.2 ± 0.0796 4

−0.02

−0.02

0.066

−0.076

Spiral

Spiral

Saddle

Spiral

Asymptotically stable

Asymptotically stable

Unstable

Stable

a = 0.2 b = 0.2 c = 0.03

x 12 = 0.2 ± 1.56 4 x 21 = 0.2 ± 1.56 4

−0.2

−0.2

0.262

−0.362

Spiral

Spiral

Saddle

Spiral

Asymptotically stable

Asymptotically stable

Unstable

Stable