Determinant

Instruments

Examples

1) Maritime connectivity

Transshipment

Singapore

Nautical access

Deep sea ports

Internationalization strategies

Rotterdam, Antwerp

2) Port operations

Quality inputs

Skills mapping and matching

New York/New Jersey

Training and education

Singapore

Social dialogue

Antwerp

Upgrading equipment

Hamburg

Land availability

Quality of organization

Port planning

Rotterdam

Port information systems

Valencia

Competition

Most large ports

Coordination between ports

Copenhagen/Malmö

3) Hinterland

Links port with other transport modes

Rotterdam

Dry ports and extended gates

Gothenburg

Freight corridors

Betuwe-line

4) Local Goodwill

Port centres

Genoa

Port education

Long Beach

Maritime museums

Antwerp

Port events

Rotterdam

Information and social media

Incheon

Public access to port

Hamburg

Other goodwill projects

Valparaíso