Determinant | Instruments | Examples |
1) Maritime connectivity | Transshipment | Singapore |
Nautical access | Deep sea ports | |
Internationalization strategies | Rotterdam, Antwerp | |
2) Port operations |
| |
Quality inputs | Skills mapping and matching | New York/New Jersey |
Training and education | Singapore | |
Social dialogue | Antwerp | |
Upgrading equipment | Hamburg | |
Land availability |
| |
Quality of organization | Port planning | Rotterdam |
Port information systems | Valencia | |
Competition | Most large ports | |
Coordination between ports | Copenhagen/Malmö | |
3) Hinterland | Links port with other transport modes | Rotterdam |
Dry ports and extended gates | Gothenburg | |
Freight corridors | Betuwe-line | |
4) Local Goodwill | Port centres | Genoa |
Port education | Long Beach | |
Maritime museums | Antwerp | |
Port events | Rotterdam | |
Information and social media | Incheon | |
Public access to port | Hamburg | |
Other goodwill projects | Valparaíso |