| Intraoperative factors | LAMA/LABA group (n = 19) | Control group (n = 17) | COPD group (n = 18) | p value | ||
| LAMA/LABA vs Control | COPD vs Control | |||||
| Right lobectomy | Upper | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Middle | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Middle-lower | 1 | |||||
| Lower | 3 | 4 | 3 | |||
| Left lobectomy | Upper | 7 | 5 | 2 | ||
| Lower | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| Thoracotomy/VATS | 17/2 | 16/1 | 18/0 | |||
| Operation time (min) | 216 ± 46.5 | 207.4 ± 36.6 | 259.1 ± 79.3 | 0.6552 | 0.0102 | |
| Bleeding volume (ml) | 144 ± 148.6 | 90.6 ± 80.5 | 278.1 ± 237.3 | 0.3486 | 0.0019 | |
| Blood transfusion | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Intrathoracic adhesion | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Intraoperative complication | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Use of staple for interlobular division (use number) | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 0.2736 | 0.9813 | |
| Use of polyglycolic acid sheet with fibrin glue for air leak (case number) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0.7274 | 0.6787 | |