Total score

LAMA/LABA group

(n = 19)

Control group

(n = 17)

COPD group

(n = 18)

p value

LAMA/LABA vs Control

COPD vs Control

Preoperative baseline

5.9 ± 5.6

3.4 ± 3.2

9.0 ± 6.7

0.1824

0.0056

Postoperative 1 week

12.6 ± 5.2

15.6 ± 6.7

15.0 ± 9.7

0.2444

0.8107

Postoperative 4 weeks

11.8 ± 7.7

16.6 ± 5.1

14.3 ± 9.0

0.1655

0.4992