Cancer Dyspnea Scale

LAMA/LABA group

(n = 19)

Control group

(n = 17)

COPD group

(n = 18)

p value

LAMA/LABA vs Control

COPD vs Control

Preoperative baseline

Sense of effort

0.6 ± 2.9

0.6 ± 1.7

1.5 ± 1.7

0.9879

0.2159

Sense of anxiety

0.9 ± 3.0

0.5 ± 1.6

1.7 ± 2.3

0.6809

0.1840

Sense of discomfort

0.2 ± 2.2

0.2 ± 0.6

0.2 ± 0.5

0.9435

0.9803

Total dyspnea

1.7 ± 5.7

1.3 ± 3.3

3.4 ± 2.6

0.8004

0.1405

Postoperative 1 week

Sense of effort

3.0 ± 2.1

3.7 ± 3.4

5.1 ± 3.5

0.6817

0.2305

Sense of anxiety

4.0 ± 2.9

4.1 ± 2.6

3.9 ± 3.0

0.9056

0.8516

Sense of discomfort

0.4 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 4.1

1.7 ± 2.9

0.2970

0.8622

Total dyspnea

7.4 ± 4.6

9.3 ± 7.4

10.7 ± 6.8

0.5451

0.5663

Postoperative 4 weeks

Sense of effort

2.7 ± 2.7

5.8 ± 2.5

3.3 ± 4.8

0.0731

0.1485

Sense of anxiety

3.9 ± 3.4

5.3 ± 1.1

4.3 ± 5.3

0.4033

0.5467

Sense of discomfort

0.7 ± 1.4

3.2 ± 2.9

1.8 ± 5.4

0.1159

0.3890

Total dyspnea

7.4 ± 5.5

14.3 ± 5.2

9.5 ± 8.6

0.0348

0.1124