Changed ratios [(“postoperative 4 weeks” − “baseline”)/”baseline”]

LAMA/LABA group (n = 19)

Control group

(n = 17)

COPD group

(n = 18)

p value

LAMA/LABA vs Control

Control vs COPD

Changed ratio of VC (%)

−0.2 ± 0.2

−0.3 ± 0.1

−0.2 ± 0.1

0.2538

0.4800

Changed ratio of %VC (%)

−0.2 ± 0.2

−0.3 ± 0.1

−0.1 ± 0.2

0.2617

0.4791

Changed ratio of FEV₁ (%)

−0.2 ± 0.2

−0.3 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.2

0.0301

0.0015

Changed ratio of %FEV₁ (%)

0 ± 0.3

−0.02 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.2

0.0972

0.0005