Changed ratios [(“postoperative 1 week” − “baseline”)/”baseline]

LAMA/LABA group (n = 19)

Control group

(n = 17)

COPD group

(n = 18)

p value

LAMA/LABA vs Control

Control vs COPD

Changed ratio of VC (%)

−0.3 ± 0.1

−0.3 ± 0.1

−0.2 ± 0.2

0.0746

0.0720

Changed ratio of %VC (%)

−0.2 ± 0.1

−0.3 ± 0.1

−0.2 ± 0.2

0.0469

0.0725

Changed ratio of FEV₁ (%)

−0.2 ± 0.1

−0.4 ± 0.1

−0.2 ± 0.2

0.0025

0.0001

Changed ratio of %FEV₁ (%)

0 ± 0.1

−0.01 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.1

0.1049

0.0002