Preoperative factors

LAMA/LABA group (n = 19)

Control group

(n = 17)

COPD group

(n = 18)

p value

LAMA/LABA vs Control

COPD vs Control

Gender (male/female)

9/10

2/15

18/0

Age (average)

71.1 ± 10.4

65.2 ± 11.2

71.0 ± 5.3

0.0671

0.0731

Pathology

0.1162

0.0026

Adenocarcinoma

14

14

7

Squamous cell carcinoma

4

10

Adenosquamous carcinoma

2

Pleomorphic carcinoma

1

1

Small cell carcinoma

1

Left/right

9/10

10/7

7/11

Upper/middle/middle-lower/lower lobes

11/2/0/6

9/0/0/8

7/2/1/8

Clinical T-factor (T1/T2/T3)

12/7/0

10/6/1

7/9/2

Clinical N-factor (N0/N1/N2)

15/4/0

15/1/1

13/4/1

Clinical M-factor (M0/M1b)

18/1

16/1

18/0

Clinical stage (IA/IB/IIA/IIB/IIIA/IIIB/IV)

11/2/4/1/0/0/1

10/3/1/1/1/0/1

5/6/3/3/1/0/0

Pathological T-factor (T1/T2/T3)

12/7/0

10/7/0

9/7/2

Pathological N-factor (N0/N1/N2)

15/2/2

12/1/4

16/2/0

Pathological M-factor (M0/M1b)

18/1

17/0

18/0

Pathological stage (IA/IB/IIA/IIB/IIIA/IIIB/IV)

9/4/2/1/2/0/1

9/3/1/0/4/0/0

7/7/2/2/0/0/0

PaO₂ (mmHg)

83.5 ± 12.9

71.0 ±11.4

84.3 ± 11.1

0.1781

0.0370

PaCO₂ (mmHg)

39.9 ± 3.6

41.1 ± 2.6

40.5 ± 3.1

0.1781

0.0370

pH

7.4 ± 0.0

7.4 ± 0.0

7.4 ± 0.0

0.1781

0.0370

Smoking history

7

7

17

Brinkman index

1079 ± 613

549 ± 435

1284 ± 881

0.1781

0.0370