Stacking techniques

Stacking mechanism

Sample diluent

Sample clean-up

SEF

Sweeping-MSS

Association between analytes and micelle, collapse initiated by organic solvent in BGE

Same kind of buffer as BGE without micelle

Need sample clean-up process

12 - 60 [14] [15] [29] [30] [31]

MSS-FASS

Micelle collapse initiated by organic solvent in TS, high electric field created by organic solvent in the TS

Micelle solution

Need sample clean-up process

301 ? 329 [16]

FASS-MSS

The conductivity difference between low conductivity sample and the TS, micelle collapse initiated by organic solvent in TS

Micelle solution

Need sample clean-up process

200 [17]

FASI-MSS

High electric field created by organic solvent in the sample solution, micelle collapse initiated by organic solvent in sample diluent

Low conductivity sample diluent containing large amount of organic solvent

Need sample clean-up process and the sample amount is vulnerable to sample ionic strength changes

200 - 2534 [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]