year

ΔCI

ΔPGDP

tC,G

decoupling state

2000

2001

0.06

0.10

0.60

Weak decoupling

2002

0.05

0.09

0.56

Weak decoupling

2003

0.18

0.12

1.50

Expansionary negative decoupling

2004

0.15

0.17

0.88

Expansive connections

2005

0.18

0.15

1.20

Expansive connections

2006

0.06

0.16

0.38

Weak decoupling

2007

0.06

0.22

0.27

Weak decoupling

2008

0.03

0.18

0.17

Weak decoupling

2009

0.15

0.09

1.67

Weak decoupling

2010

0.08

0.18

0.44

Weak decoupling

2011

0.11

0.18

0.61

Weak decoupling

2012

0.06

0.10

0.60

Weak decoupling

2013

0.03

0.09

0.33

Weak decoupling

2014

−0.01

0.08

−0.13

Strong decoupling

2015

−0.03

0.06

−0.50

Strong decoupling

2016

−0.02

0.08

−0.25

Strong decoupling

2017

0.01

0.11

0.09

Weak decoupling

2018

0.01

0.10

0.10

Weak decoupling

2019

0.02

0.07

0.29

Weak decoupling