| Variable | Measure | Ref. | |
| Knowledge management orientation | Knowledge acquisition | 6 items | Darroch & McNaughton (2003) |
| Knowledge dissemination | 5 items | ||
| Knowledge accountability | 6 items | ||
| Market orientation | Proactive | 8 items | Narver et al. (2004) |
| Responsive | 7 items | ||
| New product commercialization performance | Number of new products | 1 items | Mu & Di Benedetto (2011) |
| Product novelty | 5 items | ||
| New product advantage | 6 items | ||