Number

Assumption

Conclusion

H1a

Challenging is positively related to brand image.

nonsupport

H1b

Enthusiasm is positively related to brand image.

support

H1c

Dependence of others’ comments is positively related to brand image.

nonsupport

H1d

Selection of simple tasks is positively related to brand image.

nonsupport

H1e

Focus of interpersonal competition is positively related to brand image.

nonsupport

H1f

Pursuit of return is positively related to brand image.

support

H2a

Challenging is positively related to brand awareness.

nonsupport

H2b

Enthusiasm is positively related to brand awareness.

support

H2c

Dependence of others’ comments is positively related to brand awareness.

support

H2d

Selection of simple tasks is positively related to brand awareness.

nonsupport

H2e

Focus of interpersonal competition is positively related to brand awareness.

support

H2f

Pursuit of return is positively related to brand awareness.

support

H3a

Brand image is positively related to brand loyalty.

support

H3d

Brand awareness is positively related to brand loyalty.

support