Drugs, chemicals, non-coding RNAs or their inhibitors as potential treatments, or as diagnostic markers

Proposed Basic action in brief

Sections in paper and related figures

Irisin (synthetic compound of this hormone has been achieved in small amount)

Target the AMPK-mTOR1 pathway

(3.3)

Gemcitabine and nimotuzumab

As monoclonal antibody of epidermal growth factor

(4.5)

Phenols, sulfonamides, and their analogs

Target Ras protein in Ras-Raf-Erk pathway

(4.5)

Abemaciclib

To treat hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer; drug also applied to treat pancreatic cancers

(5.2)

DD44mT (di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimthyl-3-thiosemicarbazone), Fe chelator

Activates protein Ndrg1 and hence cyclic-dependent kinase inhibitor p21

(5.3), Figure 7, Figure 9

DFO (desferrioxamine), Fe chelator

As above

As above

311(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylal dehydro-isonicotinoyl hydroazone)

As above

As above

RC68, a humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, as an antibody-drug conjugate

A monoclonal antibody chemically linked to a drug that is toxic when the ingredient is released inside the target cell.

(8.5), Figure 7, Figure 9

APX3330, compound

Regulate activities of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1 α), NF-κB, and function of Jak-STAT3 pathway

(9.4), Figure 2, Figure 7, Figure 10

SLC-0111, compound

As above

(9.4)

Combination of cyclopamine and paclitaxel delivered by nan-particles

As an inhibitor of the Hedgehog pathway

(10.3), Figure 11

RO4929097, compound

As an inhibitor of γ-secretase in Notch pathway

(3.2), Figure 12

ATRA (Vitamin A)

Attenuate endothelial-mesenchymal transition of stellate cell

(18.1), Figure 13

Tocotrienols β, γ, δ (sub-family of vitamin E)

Suppress NF-κB mediated inflammation

(18.2), Figure 10

Calcipotriol (Ca), Vitamin D receptor ligand

Reduce inflammation and fibrosis

(18.3)

PEGPH20 (Pegvorhyaluronidase alfa) together with other anti-cancer drugs

Reduce the concentration of interstitial fluid in tumor stroma

(18.4), Figure 17

Micro RNA 96 mimics

Target Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk pathway

(19.2), Figure 3

Micro RNA 34 mimics

Target Notch pathway and target anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein

(19.3), Figure 12

Micro RNAs 21 plus 221 mimics

Treat metastatic pancreatic cancer cells in general

(19.4)

Micro RNA 146a mimics

Downregulates EGFR, downregulates NF-κB, upregulates PTEN

(19.5), Figure 2, Figure 7, Figure 9, Figure 10

Antisense non-coding circular RNA IARS mimics

Reducing endothelial permeability to attenuate cancer invasion

(20.2)

Antisense non-coding circular RNA LDLRAD3 mimics

Treats pancreatic cancer cells in general

(20.3)

Antisense non-coding circular RNA_100782

Targets IL6-Jak-STAT3 pathway

(20.4), Figure 7